In an apparent response to a request by the Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism, Hon. Mohamoud Hassan Saad (Saajin) on behalf of a private company – The National Flour Mill Company, DP World Berbera Director Mr. Sanjay Badam started his letter with his company’s extreme disappointment by the Minister’s letter.
The locally owned National Flour Mill Company is based in Berbera and has recently come online as the largest flour plant in Somaliland. The plant’s locally made flour under the Wataniya brand is available in Somaliland markets.
The letter describes the issue as a matter between two private parties – DP World and NFMC and should be resolved directly between them. Although Somaliland Chronicle has not seen the Minister’s letter to DP World, the matter seems to center around Geele or porters fees at Berbera port currently managed by DP World under a thirty-year concession.
DP World reminds the Minister that fairness matters in its operation and that it cannot discriminate between customers by offering unique discounts to any customer and that the National Flour Mill Company should pay the Geele fees like any other customer of Berbera Port. Continuing on the point of discriminating between customers, the letter states “This is the first time globally, we have received a letter from a Minister ordering special treatment to a private company that will put all other traders in the country at a disadvantage”.
In addition to basic fairness, the DP World letter states that if one customer is allowed to not pay the porters or Geele as known locally, all others will do the same and will result in the loss of nearly 700 jobs.
The letter’s final point reminds the Minister that DP World is currently managing the port under the agreement it signed with the government of Somaliland which stipulated that it has full freedom to change tariffs at the port and increase them on a bi-annual basis and that it cannot simply alter the tariff structure of the port at the request of the government without carrying out a full analysis of all tariffs at the port.
DP World Berbera and the Minister of Trade, Industry and Tourism Hon. Mohamoud Hassan Saad (Saajin) did not respond to inquiries for this report.
A Zambian government delegation led by the Minister of Justice Mr. Gavin Lubinda has arrived today in Hargeisa, the capital city of the Republic of Somaliland. The Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Hon. Liban Yusuf Osman and other Somaliland government officials have received at Egal International Airport.
Hon. Liban Yousuf Osman, acting and Deputy Minister of foreign affairs and International Cooperation received a high-profile delegation from Zambia led by zambia minister of justice H.E Gavin Lubinda. pic.twitter.com/QixM0BMmua
This follows the recent three-day visit by the Malawian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Eisenhower Mkaka to Somaliland and delegations from South Africa, the Czech Republic. Somaliland’s diplomatic profile has been on an upward trajectory that started with the establishment of bilateral ties with Taiwan last summer and President Bihi’s historic visit to Nairobi and the meeting with President Uhuru Kenyatta in December 2020.
Other governments have closely watched Somaliland’s upcoming local and parliamentary elections, including the United States. On March 2nd Congressional hearing on Elections in Africa of the House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Global Human Rights, Congressman Chris Smith has praised Somaliland for advancing electoral democracy on its upcoming parliamentary and local elections on May 31st.
The itinerary of the delegation and the purpose of their visit to Somaliland has not been disclosed yet, but they are expected to meet the President of the Republic of Somaliland HE Muse Bihi Abdi, and members of his cabinet.
In its weekly meeting, Somaliland’s cabinet meeting chaired by the President of the Republic of Somaliland HE Muse Bihi Abdi stated that the local and parliamentary elections slated to take place on May 31, 2021, will not be delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing draughts affects parts of the country.
The confirmation that elections will not be delayed was among other points discussed in today’s cabinet meeting that includes emergency water distribution to drought-affected communities and efforts to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to the statement released by the Presidency following the cabinet meeting, so far 17,000 people have received the COVID-19 vaccine and, on Sunday, a national conference that will be will be convened. The statement adds that the purpose of the conference which will be attended by the business community is to discuss ways to raise funds to purchase additional COVID-19 vaccines. Somaliland has received 65,000 single doses of AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine through COVAX.
Besides looking to raise funds to purchase COVID-19 vaccines, the statement from the Presidency stated that Somaliland’s friends, presumably countries with whom Somaliland maintains diplomatic ties, have promised to donate COVID-19 vaccines.
There is no clear deployment plan for the COVID-19 vaccine to ensure the most vulnerable members of the society and frontline health workers are getting vaccinated. Somaliland government was criticized for administering the vaccine to seemingly young and healthy government officials.
Why is Somaliland vaccinating politicians over the most vulnerable? This is outrageous and needs to end. https://t.co/6YecO1LfSu
Although the government of Somaliland seems to acknowledge the sharp rise of infection of COVID-19 and the dangers of the second wave of the pandemic, the Ministry of Health Development is reporting a low single-digit death rate despite reports to the contrary. It is unclear what is causing the disparity between the Ministry’s COVID-19 death rate and the sharp rise in funerals around Somaliland.
As part of the government’s efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 in Somaliland, the cabinet stated that the Independence Day festivities on 18th May will be canceled and all resources including funding will be reallocated to drought and COVID-19 related activities.
According to a statement from the Presidency of the Republic of Somaliland, President Muse Bihi Abdi has relieved the Chief of the Somaliland Civil Aviation Administration Mr. Mohamed Abdi Rodol of his duties and has replaced him with the Director-General of Ministry of Transportation and Road Development Mr. Omar-Sayid Abdillahi Adan Qalinle. Mr. Rodol, a retired pilot was appointed by President Muse Bihi Abdi in December 2017 to head the Civil Aviation and Airports Administration.
Despite his expertise as an airline captain, there is no noticeable improvement in the condition of Egal International Airport Somaliland’s only functioning airport. No official date is set for when Berbera Airport will open for business and if the United Arab Emirates will have a role in managing it. Previously, the Berbera Airport has been leased to the United Arab Emirates for military use for an unspecified sum and period by the former government of President Ahmed Mohamoud Silanyo.
There are a number of critical cabinet level positions currently unfilled in President Bihi’s government including the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation who has resigned to run for a parliamentary seat in the upcoming elections. It is unclear if President Bihi will make reshuffle his cabinet in the upcoming days.
Somaliland’s Civil Aviation and Airports Administration was downgraded from a ministry by President Bihi as part of a large restructuring of government agencies when he took office in 2017.
We have completed our second public polling to gauge the approval rating of the President of the Republic of Somaliland HE Muse Bihi Abdi and his cabinet on various metrics including the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and droughts. Our previous poll from August 2018 contained similar questions and we will be comparing the results of those questions.
Number of Participants
1,735
Poll Duration
14 Days
Poll Method
Online
In our first question in the poll about the President’s handling of his job, respondents gave a 38.9% approval rating and 61.1% disapproval. The disapproval rating of 69.1% is a sharp rise from the 2018 polling of the same question where the President received only a 29.1% disapproval of handling his job. President Bihi was in office for few months at the time of our first polling.
We ask respondents about their view of public corruption under President Bihi compared to his predecessor and 43.3% of respondents think there is less corruption under President Bihi while 21.9% see no change between President Bihi and Former President Ahmed Mohamoud Siilanyo’s government. 38.4% of respondents think corruption is higher. The majority or 65.4% of respondents to the same question in our 2018 poll saw less corruption under President Bihi.
Most respondents or 62.7% do not think President Bihi has been successful in keeping his campaign promises three years into his term where only 23.1% have voted favorably. In 2018, 55.1% of respondents thought it was too early to rate the President on his campaign promises.
On President Bihi’s cabinet appointments, most respondents have an unfavorable view compared to 27.8% who rated President Bihi’s cabinet appointments as outstanding and above average. A similar question in our 2018 poll 63% of respondents were unsatisfied with President Bihi’s choice of ministers.
Quest for recognition has always been one of Somaliland’s highest priorities and we have asked the public of their view and if the President has put an effective team to get Somaliland recognized and despite major diplomatic successes, 46.9% of respondents do not think the President has the right team in place to realize recognition during his term. This is an improvement of how respondents answered this same question in 2018.
On reelecting President Bihi if elections were held today, 69% of respondents voted No, compared to 31%. 54.3% of respondents to the same question in our poll in 2018 were favorable compared to 45.7% negative votes on reelecting President Bihi.
On priority issues where the government should put more effort in, most respondents voted for corruption, this is compared to national unity in our 2018 poll.
In a more general sense, respondents were asked about their view of how Somaliland has faired since electing President Bihi.
Somaliland is experiencing a second wave of COVID-19 pandemic with a sharp rise in infection and deaths. Currently, the Somaliland government has started the distribution of 65,000 doses of AstraZeneca received through COVAX. 77.2% of respondents do not think the government has an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The majority of respondents do not believe President Bihi’s government has been effective in responding to droughts. Climate change has made drought in Somaliland and other parts of the world a constant factor.
To combat COVID-19 and highlight the importance of protection in the fight against the virus. TSMC Charity Foundation and Medtecs Group jointly donated PPE, sets of cap and shoe covers, medical gowns, and gowns for airline passengers for our allies including Somaliland.
Taiwan Representative Office, on behalf of the Taiwan Government, private enterprises, and NGOs, donated the needed medical supplies to the Ministry of Health Development to support Somaliland proactively to combat the new wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. It shows the efforts to integrate the strategic medical resources provided by the Taiwan Government and private sectors to channel to Somaliland. Taiwan has been supporting Somaliland to combat Covid-19 since 2020 by sharing medical equipment, quality rice, and financial support.
Taiwan can help Taiwan is helping. Taiwan can contribute and has long been contributing on many fronts. Our effort is proudly described as the “Taiwan Model”. The spirit of the Taiwan Model is: Teach a man to fish, feed him for a lifetime. We are ready to share with Somaliland what we have and what we are good at.
On January 11th 2021 the Somaliland Chronicle published an article titled “Somaliland Civil Service Project Restructuring“ which actively misrepresents the progress made in delivering civil service reform through Civil Service Strengthening Project (CSSP) implemented by the Government of Somaliland (GoSL), and funded by the World Bank.
The Civil Service Strengthening Project (CSSP) aims to strengthen basic functions for payroll, human resources and policy management in selected central agencies and line ministries. Its key priorities include: (a) establishing the civil service’s legal and institutional framework; (b) improving institutional structures to efficiently carry out their functions according to mandate; (c) recruiting, managing, and compensating civil servants to attract the ‘right people’ for the job; and (d) establishing competent, client-focused staff.
Beneficiary institutions of the project are the Somaliland CSC and Civil Service Institute (CSI), the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MoSLA), the MoF, the Ministry of Planning and National Development, the Office of Presidency (OoP) -, and sector ministries with focus on service delivery and economic development. Additional pilot ministries will be selected among the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and Rural Development, and Ministry of Energy and Minerals.
On the Somaliland Chronicleclaims: –
Claim 1: 8,500 employees were not included in the original audit.
Response: At a very basic level, this is incorrect. CSSP supported the Government of Somaliland (GoSL) to conduct Human Resource (HR) Audit that sought to establish the actual size of the public servants and identify the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the operational systems. This was necessary to inform subsequent processes to align the HR requirements with the GoSL’s development aspirations as contained in the national development plan and strategic policies.
The process that took place between January and April 2018 involved physical headcount of civil servants in all ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) under the jurisdiction of the CSC. The exercise covered all public servants under jurisdiction of CSC both at the headquarters and in all 6 regions of Somaliland going down to the district level, which are the smallest operational units of devolved government functions.
The headcount thus covered the non-uniformed civil servants in all MDAs of the Government of Somaliland, except legally autonomous agencies including Central Bank, Water agencies, parliamentary personal, Berbera Fuel Depot, National Port authority agency, National printing agency and departments in the following two ministries.
These are:
Ministry of Interior
A. Civil servants in Local governments that include all workers of local authority both at headquarters, region and districts
B. Uniformed civil servants in Security department that covers uniformed personnel (Police, Firemen, Prison and Coastal guards,)
2. Ministry of Defense in particular the Armed Forces Military personal and army forces.
However, it is important to note that all other departments and administration non-uniformed civil servants in the listed two ministries were covered in the national headcount. The exercise was coordinated by CSC in collaboration with all the line ministries, and with support from CSSP Project Coordination Unit and technical backup from external consultancy firm.
A total of 14,065 civil servants were successfully captured and counted through the exercise. This number was less than the 16,533 listed in the role of public servants and who were drawing salaries from the government. The HR payroll cleaning and management control is completed, the payroll sheet was revised and distribution of the final cleaned HR payroll has started for all MDAs. CSSP team handed over to MoF a list of cleaned MDAs to pilot activation of payroll module in Somaliland Finance Management Information System (SLFMIS). The Civil Service Commission has so far verified and confirmed that (2000) Ghost workers removed from the government payroll. Continues reconciliation of the payroll with personnel records is undergoing on. The list from CSC is now the basis upon which HR and Finance Departments of the MDAs prepare payroll for all workers within their ministries, departments and agencies.
From this exercise, all civil servants enumerated both at the headquarters and in the regions were issued with electronic Job Identification Card, each with unique number for all the civil servants counted.
In consideration of the reviewed Civil Service Law that has brought more MDAs under the Civil Service Commission, there is supplemental proposal of activities to be added in the extended CSSP II, i.e. to conduct a HR Audit, i.e. headcount and registration of all public servants which the new Civil Service Law subjected to the CSC oversight, such as
local government grade (A & B),
National water agencies,
parliamentary personal,
Berbera Fuel Depot,
National Port authority agency and
National printing agency.
It is critical to recognize that these public servants who were not previously under oversight of CSC have now been put under the commission, as per the amended civil servant law.
Claim 2: Civil Service Commission and the Somaliland government had not adequately budgeted for TMP staff salaries.
Response: The CSSP project also aims to support the design and implementation of a Civil Service Talent Management Program (TMP) to address acute capacity shortages and build core functionality in a select number of MDAs. This initiative was to support the government to attract, use, and retain talent in the civil service. By offering a more competitive remuneration package, the TMP is expected to attract key professionals from the non-government sectors and retain existing staff who are at proven risk of leaving the civil service.
The project supported development of a TMP manual that gives guidelines on recruitment and integration, salaries and benefits, procedures of staff performance tracking, training and development, proposed senior executive service program and program implementation framework.
So far a total of 27 TMP personnel (35% female) have been recruited for targeting MDAs such as Civil Service Commission (CSC), Civil Service Institute (CSI), Ministry of Employment, Social Affairs and Family (MESAF), Ministry of Justice (MoJ), Ministry of Planning and National Development (MoP&ND), Ministry of Investment and Development (MoID), Ministry of Energy and Minerals(MoEM) and Ministry of Defense (MoD). The Government proposed to reduce the end-target number for the TMP staff to 57, therefore sending a powerful signal of the Government willingness and ability to fill at least some critical positions outside the TMP.
Recruitment of the final batch of 30 TMP personnel are undergoing for 8 MDAs. The positions have already been identified based on the gaps that exist in the new proposed structures of the MDAs showing details of job descriptions. The job descriptions have been matched with required qualifications, competencies and experience and have been forwarded to CSC to publish adverts and recruit the staff for the target MDAs.
The TMP, which is designed to support the GoSL with critical staffing, will require fiscal commitments for the payment of a special allowance to these recruits. All the TMP positions supported through the project will be part of the new organizational structures and will be integrated into the core civil service establishment. The project design is such that Government should be funding the entire salary plus allowances, and the DLI amounts are reimbursements based on the achieved DLIs and the amount that Government has spent on salaries and allowances for TMP staff. Beyond the project period, with the operationalization of the new and improved organizational structures, the TMP pay scales will be fully absorbed in the government’s operational budget. The pay and grading exercise will integrate the TMP pay and grade scales into the new pay and grading structure.
The GoSL/CSC commit and make allocation of an adequate budget under the newly constituted budget line for TMPs for the fiscal year 2020/2021 budget to enable the World Bank to reimburse the GoSL for salaries and allowances expenses incurred on TMP staff.
The government, actually, has created a newly constituted budget line for TMPs for the fiscal year 2020/2021. Unfortunately the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the government budget. This, coupled with the absence of budget allocations under the GoSL/CSC budget line for 2020, made the government was unable to pay allowances of the TMP recruits between the months (September-December) 2020 and that was resolved later.
Claim 3: Impact of the project being negligible
Response: Since the inception of the project in late 2016, the project has showed a significant positive impact in all the aspects of the targeted areas which can be summarized below:
Headcount: The project successfully completed headcounts and biometric registration of all civil servants under jurisdiction of CSC. This has enabled cleaning of Civil Service payroll and “ghost” workers are no longer in government payroll. There is good level of payroll control since the payroll is verified against authentic list produced by CSC. This is already helping the government to save money that was previously pilfered through payment of ghost workers. The cleaned data will be transferred to the HRMIS which will be procured through the project.
MDAs Restructuring: The project has completed the restructuring of 18 Ministries and in the process of completing the remaining MDAs this year. Each of the 18 Ministries have been assessed, their functions have been reviewed, TORs for the key staff and departments have been developed and recommendations have been shared with the government for action. This was done through funding from the World Bank through the Civil Service Strengthening Project.
HR Administrative Policies and Procedures: During the project period, 16 HR Administrative Policies and Procedures have been developed, approved by the Cabinet and the President. Those policies have been already disseminated and implemented at the MDAs and the concerned staff have been trained on them.
Talent Management Program: The objective of the TMP is to support human resource and institutional capacity improvement in targeted MDAs. A recent assessment to the TMP staff showed a significant improvement in the institutional capacity of the MDAs that received the TMP staff.
Civil Service Law: The revised Law has been approved by the Public Sector Reform Steering Committee and submitted to the Cabinet. The cabinet approved and passed to the parliament for final approval.
Draft National Employment Policy: The draft National Employment Policy, which supports the implementation of the Somaliland Vision 2030 goal to achieve full and productive employment for all citizens, has been developed.
Pay and Grading policy and system: Contract negotiation for this assignment is ongoing. A pay and grading policy, and a new pay and grading structure will be developed. TMP salaries will be integrated in the new system.
Public Sector Pension Reform: The GoSL and the Bank completed the review of the pension policy and the draft Bill that is now with the Government for the final review and decision;
Management and Common Service Training: Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration will provide TA to the CSI in designing and delivering training programs for civil servants, curriculum development and train CSI staff. English being a second language in Somaliland, it is justified to be have this included in the curriculum that will be offered to the public servants through the CSI and with TA from GIMPA.
Claim 4: Year-long study looking into what it will take to create a healthcare program for government workers.”
Response: This was not covered nor funded from the World Bank financed CSSP. Recently, the Civil Service Commission have started to look into the possibility of creating a health care program for the civil service and how the program would look like in the near future. It is a program that is owned and run by Somaliland Government through the CSC and so far supported by Somaliland’s own funding and initiative. The Commission has tasked the Civil Service Institute (CSI) to carry out a survey and come up with suggestions regarding the program.
Claim 5: Part of the contract with GIMPA is English language training for civil servants conducted by ACH a British firm subcontracted by GIMPA
Response:
Ashley Community Housing (ACH) is registered with NOCN Edexcel and IMI accreditation bodies to enable them to provide international qualifications, ACH has many partner universities and training institutions, including but not limited to Aston University, Bristol University, Bath University, Oxford university and Birmingham University.
ACH have a free general English course (Business and Academic English), but most important ESOL and they deliver in four trainings centers in Bristol, Birmingham, Sandwell training center, and ACH Wolverhampton. They provide support to improve English skills, gain an English qualification, develop their communication, reading, writing and listening skills and speaking and build confidence in knowledge of living in the UK. They train over 2500 students per year and they attract a mix of students from all backgrounds and ages. Duration of courses varies and depends to the nature of the course and the caliber of students. However, majority of the courses are between 2 to 16 weeks and they prefer small courses so students can quickly progress.
Therefore, the 3000 refugee students were not covered nor funded from the World Bank financed Civil Service Strengthening Project and thus cannot be related to it but can be considered a bonus for the ACH’s experience in language training.
Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints of the Somaliland Chronicle, and its staff.
With a fast-moving pandemic, no one is safe, unless everyone is safeCovid-19 Vaccine Transparency matters.
The global pandemic has already caused the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives and disrupted the lives of billions more. As well as reducing the tragic loss of life and helping to get the pandemic under control, the introduction of a vaccine will prevent the loss of US$ 375 billion to the global economy every month. Global equitable access to a vaccine, particularly protecting health care workers and those most-at-risk is the only way to mitigate the public health and economic impact of the pandemic.
Are there National Deployment and Vaccination Plan for COVID 19 Vaccines?
Does some countries has COVID-19 Vaccine National Coordinating Committee?
Do poor and developing countries utilize the free global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines in a suitable Manner?
With COVID-19 vaccines being approved for use in different parts of the globe, the scale and complexity of their manufacture, allocation, and distribution globally will be unprecedented. This will also present corruption risks that may threaten vital public health goals. These risks include the entry of substandard and falsified vaccines into markets, theft of vaccines within the distribution systems, leakages in emergency funding designated for the development and distribution of vaccines, nepotism, favoritism, and corrupted procurement systems. These corruption risks must be identified and mitigated by public institutions to help advance access to safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines by the population, including the most vulnerable and marginalized groups.
The United Nations Convention against Corruption provides a solid global framework for these efforts
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
Since then, the pandemic continues to rage, and morbidity and mortality rates continue to climb globally. This illuminates the urgency of developing and ensuring access to affordable, safe, and efficacious vaccines, and their rapid and fair deployment. The positive results announced by a number of vaccine candidates in
November 2020 have led to vaccines being approved at record speed in different parts of the world. A critical response will be required by governments to ensure access of their populations to safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. Many governments have indicated that they aim to set up COVID-19 vaccine programmes that will cover their entire populations. The scale and complexity of the allocation, distribution and prioritization of the vaccines will therefore be unprecedented.
CORRUPTION RISKS
Vaccine deployment and weak or non-existent distribution systems.
The successful implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes will require robust supply systems. Such systems will need to ensure effective vaccine storage, handling, and stock management; rigorous temperature controls in the supply chain; and the maintenance of adequate logistics management information systems. This is vital to safeguard the COVID-19 vaccine supply and prevent any interruptions from the point of manufacturing through to service delivery.
There are corruption risks throughout the entire vaccine deployment process. As an example, vaccines may be stolen from the public supply chain during the transportation process and diverted to the black market or kept for personal use. Vaccine supplies are also at risk once they reach the hospital or public health facility administering the vaccinations if there are no reliable oversight measures in place. Public health facility staff may also steal vaccines for resale in the black market or in their own private practices. This risk is particularly pronounced when supplies are limited, and demand is high, as is the case during a pandemic.
Limited vaccine supplies may also incentivize those who have the financial resources to bribe health professionals to secure a vaccine for themselves and/or their families. Some health professionals may also demand payoffs from patients to access COVID-19 vaccines, a practice that will be particularly harmful to poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups
Dr. Essa Abdi Djam. MD, Masters in Global health and pursuing a diploma in tropical medicine. He has extensive experience working in a disrupted health system, Communicable diseases, Nutrition, Covid-19 emergency responses, and HIV and Tuberculosis burden countries in Africa, the middle east, central Asia, and the southern pacific. Currently working in the Middle East as a senior medical officer of humanitarian responses. Dr. Essa is currently based in Jordan. He can be reached on his Professional LinkedIn account and dressajama@gmail.com
Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints of the Somaliland Chronicle, and its staff.
Most developed countries are in the advanced stages of COVID-19 vaccination rollouts. But a large number of developing countries, including most across Africa, are still at the early stages, mainly due to a shortage of shots.
African countries are trying to overcome the shortfall by using a multi-pronged approach to secure vaccines. This includes sourcing them through:
the COVAX facility. This is a global initiative aimed at equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. It’s led by global health organisations including Gavi, the vaccine alliance, the World Health Organisation, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;
the COVID-19 African Vaccine Acquisition Task Team, which was established by the African Union;
bilateral agreements with the manufacturers, and
donations from other countries.
To help you keep track of the progress of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts in African countries, we have developed a map that will be updated daily, showing how many people have been vaccinated across the continent.
Somaliland had experienced sustained peace, growing Democracy, and fruitful conflict resolution among Somaliland tribes to maintain unity. Furthermore, Somaliland held free and fair presidential, parliamentary, and local council elections and voted for the constitution, which received 97 percent approval to become an independent state in 2002.
Since the Somaliland political parties agreed on the parliamentary and council elections in 2020, many Somalilanders, including politicians, diaspora, civil servants, and businessmen and women, have shown their interest in becoming candidates for the upcoming planned elections on May 31st, 2021. However, the parliamentarians’ flawed selection process due to tribal elders’ influence in the candidates’ selection process; most of the following Somaliland candidates for Parliament/Representatives do not possess prior expertise in legislation or worked in government sectors.
Therefore, if such an imperfect selection process that excluded women of public and political figures, i.e., Suad Armiye, continues and political parties neglect to choose the future Parliamentarians who have no experience and academic knowledge regarding public-law, politics, or international law. Political analysts forecast the likelihood of having the lowest quality parliamentarians ever elected due to the clan-based selection process that limited elite society, including educated men and women in Somaliland; thus, our upcoming parliamentarians will not serve the state.
Filling the house of Parliament with illiterates who have mostly passed the national examination board office’s screening process with fake certificates or backed up by the government will affect our legislative system in the long run. The qualification required from the Somaliland Parliament candidates is having a secondary school certificate or equivalent, as written in article 15 of conditions relating to House of Somaliland Representatives Election Law.[1]
Nonetheless, hundreds of losers were motivated to run for the legislature by tribal elders and the secondary or equivalent qualification. Simultaneously, putting a burden on those who were qualified or had previous working experience in law and related fields due to their lack of knowledge of the tribal influence in Somaliland politics or have insufficient funds to self-finance their campaigns.
In other words, the three political parties of Kulmiye, UCID, and Waddani favor those candidates promoted or unanimously agreed on by their tribes; because of fear of losing the majority of the tribal and ethnic clan votes if they nominate those candidates not approved by the tribal elders. It is worth mentioning that almost 70% or over of the running candidates do not qualify to hold such senior legislature positions due to having no understanding of what being a parliamentarian means.
The Somaliland constitution includes a principle of parliamentary sovereignty. It establishes Parliament as the supreme legal authority in Somaliland to make or repeal any law. A democratic parliament has several tasks to do; inside the house of Somaliland parliament. These include representing states, examine and criticize the evil work of the government (scrutiny), create and amend laws (legislation), debate the most pressing issues of the day (debating), and analyze and disapprove/approve the government’s spending (budget/taxes).
In Somaliland’s case of the upcoming Parliamentary elections, few candidates are competent enough to serve the nation and fulfill these roles mentioned above. Yet, most of the candidates running for these senior legislative positions lack or have misunderstood their roles.
The current Parliamentarians, whose term ended after sitting for the past fifteen years since 2005, had neither monitored nor accounted for the government’s unconstitutional acts during these fifteen years. Kulmiye government had signed unconstitutional agreements with external inventors, including DP World of Dubai and the United Arab Emirates, whereby no official agreements availed to the representatives to comment, review, disapprove or approve it.[2]
Government officials have frequently harassed journalists, opposition figures, and other government critics. Additionally, due to the retaliation of their activities, several journalists and opposition activists have been briefly detained since 2009. The brutal acts and violations of human rights happened due to the passive role of the Parliament elected in 2005. [3]
Moreover, the long-sitting parliamentarians were reluctant to pass the replacing representatives’ election law. As a result, a disenfranchised generation with zero hope to elect their representative became a national issue threatening Somaliland youth. DW TV of Germany interviewed Somaliland youth who reported the concerns youth have over delayed parliamentary elections said:
“We are having a whole generation unable to elect their representatives because everyone who is under the age of 30 was not eligible to vote in 2005 when our parliament was elected,” says Guleid Ahmed Jama, a lawyer, and political analyst. “There is a detachment between the elected officials and the majority of the people in the city, who are suffering because of unemployment and other social issues.”[4]
The worst-case scenarios of the outgoing representatives were; they were not committed to check and balance the Executive Part of the government, but they merged themselves in the ruling party of Kulmiye. Representatives were mainly involved in dirty games of corruption, seeking government projects, and asking for a bribe in every Parliamentary motion to approve government fiscal policies, annual budget, and foreign agreements regarding mining and investment.
Notably, the President and Ministries of Kulmiye Party were not accountable in practical to the sitting Parliament for a long time. Due to this, very few legislations or laws were drafted or passed. Simultaneously, the unconstitutional government acts and taxpayer money’s corruption and unfair distribution remained to continue throughout the country because of the government’s Executive and legislative parts’ unlawful mix-up.[5]
Three political parties rule Somaliland, which is limited by the constitution to discourage clan-based and sub-clan parties and competition, which have previously caused tensions. However, such alliances continue to play an essential role in the region’s politics.[6]
As experienced, clan elders are the kingmakers in Somaliland politics. Continuation of such clan-based politics will not only disable the country’s Democracy. Yet, it will negatively affect building a democratic state with an independent legislative system in the house of Parliament.
In a nutshell, the current representatives’ selection process will exclude capable women from the Parliament because of the gender gap and inequality. It will be a challenge to those elites, intellectuals, and politicians who are dreaming of democratizing Somaliland by creating an accountable and transparent environment for the three government components of the Executive, Parliament, and Judiciary.
[1] House of Representatives Election Law – Law No. 20-2/2005 – 2005
[2] Somaliland Parliament refuses DP World agreement on Berbera Port
[3] “Hostages to Peace” Threats to Human Rights and Democracy in Somaliland
