From Hope to Conflict: Assessing Biden’s Policy Towards Somaliland

July 2, 2023

Background: Shifting Policies Exacerbating Ongoing Conflict

In February 2008, the U.S. and Somaliland achieved a significant milestone with the visit of Jendayi Frazer, former U.S. Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, to Hargeysa. During a panel discussion in 2020, Jendayi Frazer expressed regret for not advocating more strongly for Somaliland’s recognition during her tenure as assistant secretary. Unfortunately, the lack of attention to Jendayi’s insights has led to an ongoing conflict in Las Anod between the Somaliland army and the Somalian Darood militia. Local clan elders, who have become warlords overnight, invited the invading military due to clan irredentism on the border between Somaliland and Somalia. Regrettably, the militia’s refusal to engage in peace talks with Somaliland resulted in the losing 36 civilian lives. If the international community led by the U.S. had resolved this conflict in 2008, it could have laid the groundwork for peace between Las Anod and Hargeysa today. The people of Somaliland, including Las Anod, have waited for 15 years to have their country’s status recognized under the Somaliland flag. However, the current U.S. administration has significantly deviated from the policies of its predecessors. The current U.S. Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Molly Phee, has introduced the “Single Somalia” policy, which treats Somaliland as a federal state within Somalia. This policy has rapidly damaged the close relations established by former Assistant Secretary for African Affairs Tibor P. Nagy and national security advisor Robert O’Brien. This article analyses the implications of this policy shift thus far and recommends that the Biden administration reverts to the original U.S. policy, which was driven by the African Union (A.U.) and based on shared values.

The Impact of “Single Somalia” Policy on a Previously Stable Region

The recent statement by the United Nations Security Council regarding the situation in Las Anod, Somaliland, raises concerns about the approach taken towards this African nation. The administration’s endorsement of violent expressions of political opinion and disregard for Somaliland’s sovereignty and independence risk further destabilizing the entire region. It is crucial to address the missteps in their policy and recognize the legitimate claims of Somaliland for long-term stability, as emphasized by E.U. Special Representative Annette Weber.

For example, we can directly link the administration’s conciliatory approach towards Las Anod clan warlords to the recent war in Garowe. In Garowe, another clan formed a militia that violently rejected constitutional amendments in Puntland. Acknowledging the unintended consequences of the “Single Somalia” policy is essential, as Somaliland and Puntland were more stable before its introduction. Furthermore, the absence of a diplomatic office in Hargeysa may have contributed to a lack of understanding by the administration regarding the response of the government and people of Somaliland to the situation in Las Anod. This response demonstrates their maturity and unity. Somaliland is more than just military or legal borders; it encompasses the police, schools, institutions, and human capital. People from all clans in Somaliland have contributed to the development of Las Anod and vice versa.

To better understand Somalilanders’ resilience and achievements as the longest Somali-speaking country in history (32 years), Washington, DC, could follow the examples of the U.K. and Taiwan by establishing offices that directly observe and support Somaliland’s progress. Somaliland has shown remarkable stability and improvement since declaring independence. It has effectively prevented piracy and terrorism within its borders, contributing valuably to regional peace in the Horn of Africa. Claims that Somaliland’s pursuit of territorial integrity threatens regional stability are unfounded and ignore the reality of Somaliland’s well-functioning governance and democratic institutions within Africa’s internationally recognized colonial borders. It is the denial of the legal foundation of these borders that incites and fuels violence.

Towards a Coherent Policy with the World, Africa and the U.S. itself

Somaliland has faced immense suffering in the past due to ethnic divisions. However, it remains committed to preserving peace and stability in the region. Protecting Somaliland from the imposition of ethnic boundaries is not only in its interest but also crucial for Somalia, Ethiopia, and the entire African continent. It is concerning that the administration still needs to follow up on the African Union fact-finding mission on Somaliland and its wisdom in maintaining colonial borders as reference points for resolving disputes.

Equally concerning is the reluctance to adhere to internationally established customary practices, which call for direct engagement with Somaliland as a recognized country without formal recognition. Over the past 32 years, numerous governments worldwide have engaged directly with Somaliland, treating it as a recognized entity. By disregarding this established norm as international customary law, Biden’s administration undermines the rule-based international order it claims to uphold.

This disregard for international law raises concerns and contradicts President Biden’s democracy-based policy that denounces leaders like Xi Jinping as dictators. The US-funded Freedom House report of 2023 regarded Somaliland as the most democratic country in the Horn of Africa. The inconsistency between the State Department’s approach to democracies globally and its treatment of Somaliland is glaring. It is worth noting that the United States was the only Western embassy that did not extend congratulations to Somaliland on the dual elections of parliament and local offices held in 2021. The embassy has only mentioned Somaliland Elections in the context of its policy of sticks with no carrots. Somaliland, which derives 71% of its budget from internal resources, did not feel compelled to respond to what it perceived as misplaced arrogance.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Before the Las Anod conflict, alarmists associated Somaliland’s recognition with wars and a less stable horn of Africa. As you can see, the worst scenario has already happened by following their Single Somalia policy. It is time for the Biden administration to return to its original AU-Driven and shared values policy towards Somaliland.

As highlighted in the NDAA 2023 bill, Somaliland can be a strategic partner in the Indo-Pacific region; a transparent recognition roadmap will ensure a stable Horn of Africa but also foster cooperation with democracies, both developed and resourceful.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Abdirahman Mohamed Abdi Daud is an Australian Somalilander and Software Engineer. Works as a principal developer for a financial technology company. Melbourne, Australia. Mr. Daud is also a Non-Resident Scholar at Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, Hargeysa Somaliland

Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints of the Somaliland Chronicle, and its staff.

Notice: This article by Somaliland Chronicle is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Under this license, all reprints and non-commercial distribution of this work is permitted.

Any Change Prematurely in the Arms Embargo Policy on Somalia Poses Great Risk

Editor II

June 23, 2023

This report of Hiraal Institute presents an in-depth examination of the potential consequences of lifting the arms embargo in Somalia.

With a focus on both the national and international implications, Institute’s findings suggest caution and a nuanced approach towards this crucial policy decision

Somalia’s complex societal structure, characterized by deep-seated clan loyalties, presents a significant challenge.

The Somali National Army (SNA), essentially comprised of clan militias, raises concerns that lifting the embargo could fuel inter-clan conflicts, especially as the government has promoted clan militias since August 2023.

Such an action could potentially ignite a volatile arms race among the clans, escalating violence, and instability.

The fact that the Somali government does not fully control all its ports of entry further complicates the situation.

Without comprehensive oversight of these crucial trade nodes, the risk of arms being diverted to non-state actors, criminal syndicates, or potential adversaries is heightened.

This underlines the need for effective management of borders before any changes in the arms embargo policy.

Open arms markets in Somalia pose another significant risk. The existence of these markets and their ease of access could potentially be exacerbated by the lifting of the arms embargo, leading to a rise in violence and instability.

Furthermore, it raises concerns about the effective control and tracing of arms flow within the country.
A worrying trend of weapons meant for the SNA appearing in open markets underscores the challenges of control and accountability.

Without robust mechanisms to secure and monitor weapons, the premature lifting of the arms embargo could lead to increased arms proliferation.

Furthermore, the potential implications of unchecked arms flows are not confined to Somalia. Lessons from history show how they can fuel conflicts, destabilize regions, and pose significant threats to international security. This global perspective must be factored into any decision regarding the future of the arms embargo.

Hiraal Institute analysis emphasizes the need for a nuanced and cautious approach towards the arms embargo issue.

Strengthening Somalia’s capacity in arms control, securing ports of entry, and promoting effective governance must be prioritized before any significant changes to the current policy.

Read Full Report

The Display in Garoowe Shows the Beauty of Puntland’s Mock Democracy

Editor II

June 23, 2023

In contrast to Somaliland, which is currently preoccupied with voter registration in the midst of unpopular conflict in the Sool region for the selection of political parties and presidential elections, Puntland has not fully grasped the application of democratic principles like transparency, accountability, and citizen participation, despite the fact that democracy is generally regarded as a system that does so.

In Puntland, opposition groups say that the leader, Said Abdullahi Deni, wants to extend his term beyond January of next year or help tip the election in his favor. Deni has not discussed the allegations in public.

On June 20, 2023, Puntland forces and opposition fighters engaged in ferocious street battles in Garowe, the capital of Puntland, as the local parliament discussed constitutional changes including the introduction of one-man, one-vote elections.

The tension over proposed changes to the Puntland’s voting system resulted in the deaths of 26 and injuries to 30.

Puntland, the oldest member state of Somali Federal Government, has been known for its political system, which is often characterized as a “mock or delusional democracy” due to various shortcomings

Recently, UNSOM released a glowing report on local elections that were held in several Puntland villages and were widely regarded as a significant step toward democratization in Somalia.

Here are some of the issues associated with the mock democracy in Puntland and the negative consequences they have brought about:

Puntland’s political landscape has been dominated by a few powerful clans and individuals, leading to a limited pool of candidates and little opportunity for meaningful political competition. This has resulted in a lack of diverse perspectives and alternatives.

The absence of robust democratic institutions and mechanisms to ensure accountability has allowed corruption and nepotism to flourish. Public resources are often misused or embezzled by those in power.

In the mock democracy of Puntland, the rule of law is often compromised, with the influence of political elites undermining the independence of various the agencies. This leads to a culture of impunity, where individuals with political connections can evade justice.

While Puntland frequently restricts citizens’ ability to participate in political processes and voice their concerns, genuine democracy promotes active citizen participation. Dissenting voices may be silenced, freedom of speech and assembly may be restricted, and civil society organizations’ efforts to promote transparency and accountability may be hampered.

Puntland’s political instability and involvement in conflicts outside its borders, such as the ongoing insurgency in Las Anod, have been fueled by the flaws of its mock democracy system.

It is essential to keep in mind that these criticisms are not restricted to Puntland only; they can also be found in a variety of situations in which the democratic system has been compromised. A commitment to genuine democratic reforms, such as strengthening institutions, promoting transparency, enhancing citizen participation, and upholding the rule of law, is required for efforts to address these issues.

Guest article first published on SII

Witness History: The Somali Pilot Ordered to Bomb his own People in Hargeisa

Editor II

June 21, 2023

At the end of May 1988, rebels from the Somali National Movement launched a series of lightening attacks on cities in northern Somalia – the area that today is the self-declared republic of Somaliland.

The rebels were fighting against the military dictatorship of President Siad Barre.

By the start of June, they had taken control of most of Hargeisa, the biggest city in the north.

Government forces fell back to Hargeisa airport and other areas on the outskirts and were ordered to begin the indiscriminate bombardment of the city.

At the time Ahmed Mohamed Hassan was a fighter pilot in the Somali air force.

Ahmed Mohamed Hassan now faced a choice: join other pilots in bombing the city or refuse and face the prospect of being shot. He’s been talking to Rob Walker.

Somaliland Youth: Stoke the Fire of Patriotism & Carry the Light of Infant Democracy Forward

Editor II

June 19, 2023

Somaliland youth, the future is in your hands. As citizens of this fledgling nation, the responsibility to defend our borders and strengthen our national identity falls squarely on your shoulders. While the older generation secured our independence through sacrifice and determination against all odds, now the torch has been passed to you. It’s your time to stoke the fires of patriotism and carry the light of this young democracy forward.

The enemies surrounding us grow bolder by the day, constantly testing our resolve. But we have something they don’t – the spirit of Somaliland nationalism that flows through our veins. Our loyalty to this scrap of land in the Horn of Africa that we call home knows no bounds. Though small in size, the ambitions of our nation are great. Somaliland youth, the call of patriotism rings out – will you answer? The future is unwritten, and the pen is in your hands. What will you write?

The Spirit of Patriotism in Somaliland Youth

As a Somaliland youth, it’s up to you to defend our nation. How? By embracing the spirit of patriotism. Patriotism means having a strong love for one’s country. For Somaliland, it means upholding our independence, protecting our borders, and promoting our unique culture. As youth, you can show your patriotism through:

Defending Somaliland’s sovereignty on social media. Combat propaganda from Somalia, Puntland, and others trying to undermine our nationhood. Spread the truth about Somaliland’s legal case for independence.

Promoting Somaliland’s interests globally. Build connections with diaspora communities and international allies. Educate foreigners about Somaliland and advocate for our recognition on the world stage.

Reviving cultural traditions. Learn about Somaliland’s history, languages, poetry, and more. Share this knowledge with others and help pass on our cultural heritage to future generations.

Supporting the government’s development goals. Volunteer your skills and time for the betterment of our communities. Be active citizens by voting, following laws, and participating in local government.

Defending unity within Somaliland. Stand together against threats like terrorism, tribalism, and regionalism that seek to divide us. Promote inclusion, equality and justice for all Somalilanders.

Our nation’s future depends on the strength and dedication of its youth. By embracing a spirit of patriotism, you can help secure Somaliland’s prosperity and pave the way for international recognition of our independence. The call is clear – stand up, speak out, and defend your nation! Somaliland’s destiny is in your hands.

Promoting National Identity and Pride in Our Achievements

As Somaliland youth, it’s up to us to spread national pride and strengthen our identity. We should uplift our nation’s achievements and share the stories of how far we’ve come.

Promoting our culture, values, and history binds us together. We can revive cultural traditions, share photos of beautiful landmarks, teach friends about key events in our independence, and more. Our heritage makes us who we are – let’s celebrate it!

Defending Somaliland’s interests should be a priority. We must stand united against threats from Somalia, Puntland, terror groups like Al-Shabaab, and foreign influence. Use social media and write letters to build international recognition of Somaliland. Educate others about our right to self-determination.

Volunteering to improve communities also boosts national pride. Help local organizations, pick up litter, plant trees, or tutor students. Giving back creates a shared sense of purpose and shows how much we care about our nation’s future.

Somaliland’s youth have so much potential. By promoting our identity, defending our interests, and serving our communities, we become active citizens shaping Somaliland’s destiny. Our generation will lead this country to even greater heights – the future is ours to build!

Staying informed and voting in elections are vital too. Choose leaders who will progress Somaliland and strengthen institutions. Our voices and votes matter in guiding this democracy.

Together, we can cultivate a spirit of national pride to overcome any challenge. The call of patriotism is ringing out – now is the time for Somaliland’s youth to step up and defend the nation. Our country’s best days are still ahead!

Defending Somaliland Against Internal and External Threats

Defending Against Internal Threats

The greatest threats to Somaliland often come from within – apathy, division, and lack of patriotism. As youth, you must defend against these internal threats by embracing your shared identity as Somalilanders. Promote unity and cooperation, not conflict, with your words and actions. Stand up against harmful tribalism and instead celebrate the diversity of clans and cultures within Somaliland. Foster a sense of shared purpose and destiny.

Combat apathy and indifference through civic participation. Vote in elections, join community organizations, and make your voice heard on issues that matter. Apathy is the enemy of progress.

Promote inclusion and shared identity. We are all Somalilanders, no matter our clan, ethnicity or religion. Stand united against those who would divide us.

Spread patriotism and national pride. Share stories of Somaliland’s struggles for independence and its achievements as a democratic nation. Honor national holidays and encourage cultural traditions that unite us. Help others understand why you are proud to be Somalilander.

Defending Against External Threats

Somaliland also faces threats from outside forces like Somalia, China, and terrorist groups who do not wish to see our independent and democratic nation succeed. As youth, you must defend Somaliland’s sovereignty through activism and civic participation.

Stand up for Somaliland’s independence on social media and through diplomatic channels. Counter Somalia’s false narratives about Somaliland still being part of a unified Somalia.

Be wary of China’s increasing influence and investments in Somaliland. Urge government leaders to make deals that benefit Somaliland’s interests above all else. Monitor China’s actions closely.

Report any suspicious terrorist activity to the authorities immediately. While Somaliland has remained largely peaceful, extremist groups still pose a threat. Remain vigilant.

Volunteer your skills and talents to strengthen Somaliland’s government and civil society organizations. A strong, transparent government supported by an active citizenry is Somaliland’s best defense.

Through unity, activism, and an unwavering commitment to Somaliland’s independence and democratic values, youth can defend against all internal and external threats facing the nation. The future of Somaliland is in your hands.

Upholding National Interest Through Activism & Social Media

As a youth living in Somaliland, you have an important role to play in promoting national interests through activism and leveraging social media.

Spreading Awareness

Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are powerful tools for raising awareness about important causes and sharing information. Post about Somaliland’s history, culture, and achievements to educate others and instill national pride. Share news articles highlighting Somaliland’s democratic values, economic potential, and global partnerships. Educate people on issues affecting Somaliland and rally support for solutions. The more people know about Somaliland, the more they will support its sovereignty and success.

Organizing and Campaigning

Social media also enables youth to organize events and campaigns to support national interests. You can:

Plan rallies, fundraisers, and community service events. Promote them on social media to increase attendance and participation.

Start social media campaigns to put pressure on governments or organizations taking actions against Somaliland’s interests. Use hashtags to spread messages and calls-to-action.

Sign and share petitions addressing key issues. Grassroots movements often spur real political change.

Volunteer your skills for causes you care about. Offer to manage social media accounts, create promotional materials, organize logistics, and more. Every bit helps.

Counteracting Negative Influences

Unfortunately, some users spread misinformation and propaganda on social media to undermine Somaliland. You must combat these negative influences by:

Reporting fake news stories, hate speech, harassment, and trolling when you see it.
Sharing fact-checked news from reputable sources. Correct people who share dubious information.
Promoting messages of unity, hope, and pride to counter fearmongering and division.
Using your voice to drown out those seeking to damage Somaliland’s legitimacy and progress.

By taking an active role in promoting national interests on social media and through community activism, Somaliland’s youth can shape public discourse and support the nation’s prosperity. Make the most of these opportunities and your voice will be heard.

Answering the Call: How Youth Can Support the Government and Nation

Spread National Pride on Social Media

As a youth in Somaliland, one of the easiest ways you can support your nation is by promoting it on social media. Post about Somaliland’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, and national achievements to raise awareness and garner international recognition. Share photos of historic sites like Laas Geel cave paintings, stunning landscapes like Daallo forest, or cultural events like the annual Hargeisa International Book Fair.

Educate Others About Somaliland

Many people around the world are still unaware of Somaliland’s quest for independence and desire for self-governance. As an informed patriot, you can change that by educating friends, family and foreigners about Somaliland’s unique history and political situation. Explain how Somaliland has functioned as an independent state for nearly 30 years, with its own currency, passport and democratic elections. Discuss Somaliland’s fight against extremism and its ambition to become a fully recognized nation in East Africa.

Volunteer Your Time and Skills

There are many ways to volunteer your time and skills to support important causes within Somaliland. You might volunteer to help protect endangered wildlife, clean up parks and beaches, build schools or health clinics, teach important skills to others, assist non-profits, or help improve government services. As a volunteer, you can work directly with citizens and communities to solve real problems, gain valuable experience, and make a meaningful impact. Volunteering also shows your dedication to serving the nation.

Stay Informed & Spread Accurate Information

As Somaliland youth, it’s important to stay up-to-date with events happening within your nation so you can spread accurate and factual information to others. Follow reputable news sources, government social media, and patriotic organizations to keep tabs on the latest news and announcements. Be wary of ‘fake news’ and unverified propaganda that could damage Somaliland’s image or unity. When you share news with friends and social media followers, double check facts and cite credible sources to build trust in the information. Promoting truth and transparency is key.

Conclusion

So, get out there, young Somalilanders. Spread the message of unity and patriotism through your words and actions. Defend your nation against those who would see it crumble. Uphold your cultural heritage and take pride in your national identity. Support your government’s efforts to improve people’s lives. Believe in Somaliland’s destiny as a free, prosperous and independent nation. The future is yours to shape. What kind of Somaliland do you want to leave behind for your children and grandchildren? A divided, weak nation constantly under threat or a strong, unified one that prospers through the hard work and patriotism of its citizens? The choice is clear. Now go and make it happen. Somaliland’s future is in your hands.

Author: Kasim Abdulkadir

Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author
and do not necessarily reflect the views of Somaliland Chronicle.
Somaliland Chronicle is an online news outlet that seeks to publish
well-argued and policy-oriented articles on Somaliland nation's
priorities in foreign affairs, education, healthcare, economy,
energy, and infrastructure

IGAD Resolution on Las Anod Conflict Reflects Somaliland Position

Editor II

June 18, 2023

The 14th Ordinary Session of the IGAD Assembly of Heads of State and Government was held on Monday, 12th June 2023, in the Republic of Djibouti

The meeting was attended by: H.E. Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of the Republic of Djibouti; H.E. Dr. Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; H.E. Dr. William Ruto, President of the Republic of Kenya; H.E. Dr. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia; H.E. Salva Kiir Mayardit; President of the Republic of South Sudan; H.E. Osman Saleh Mohammed Minister of Foreign Affairs of the State of Eritrea and H.E. Gen. Al-Hajj Odongo Jeje Abubakhar, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uganda.

Also in attendance were, H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the African Union Commission; representatives of the IGAD Council of Ministers and Committee of Ambassadors; H.E. Dr. Workneh Gebeyehu, Executive Secretary of the IGAD Secretariat; H.E. Hanna Serwaa Tetteh; United Nations Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa; H.E. Xue Bing, Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa Affairs of the Foreign Ministry of the People’s Republic of China; H.E. Shimizu Shinsuke, Japan Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa; H.E. Sylivie Tabesse, Ambassador of the EU Delegation to Djibouti and IGAD representing Member States of the European Union.

Arising from deliberations that followed statement by the enormous dignitaries and diplomats in attendance. The Assembly:

Thanked the people and Government of the Republic of Djibouti for hosting the 14th Ordinary Session of the IGAD Assembly of Heads of State and Government and the warm welcome extended to delegates from Member States and other participants.

In the final communique of the session, various developments in the IGAD region were welcomed, congratulated, commended, appealed, adopted, underlined, appreciated, condemned, called on, and noted.

The conflict in Somaliland’s Sool region is the subject of one of these adopted resolutions.

Urged the warring parties in Las Anod to immediately cease hostilities
and peacefully resolve differences through discussion and dialogue.

The position that the government of Somaliland took several months ago and continues to uphold is exactly reflected in the IGAD resolution on the Las Anod conflict that was adopted in Djibouti. Unfortunately, the insurgency has repeatedly rejected this position.

Unlike the last absurd press statement on situation in Las Anod conflict from the UN Security Council, which immediately elicited a strong response from the Somaliland government, the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) resolution avoided mentioning the sanctity of so-called “Somalia territorial integrity” because all of the IGAD countries are colonial creations.

This indicates that European colonial powers in the 19th and early 20th centuries established their current borders and political structures. The ethnic or cultural divisions of the people who lived in these countries were frequently ignored when drawing the borders of these nations.

The Italian colonial government, for instance, established Ethiopia’s borders in the latter part of the 19th century. Oromo, Somali, and Tigrayans are among the numerous ethnic groups that were incorporated into the country as a result of this

African Union members continue to face significant difficulties as a result of the colonial legacy. There is no doubt that the arbitrary border, drawn by colonial powers has had a negative impact on the continent, mainly leading to conflicts among the neighboring countries. However, it is also important to note that these borders are not the only factor contributing to Africa’s problems. Other factors such as political instability, economic inequality, and poor governance to say the least also play a role.

The hard reality is this challenge will never result in a review or revision of the colonial-drawn boundaries, because the Charter of the African Union (AU) demanding the preservation of inherited colonial borders upon gaining independence.

The Uti Possidetis Juris, which means “as you possess by right,” is the name of this principle. In 1964, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) adopted it for the first time, and in 2002, it was incorporated into the AU Charter.

The adoption of the Uti Possidetis Juris principle was primarily viewed as a means of preventing conflict and instability following decolonization.

Considering such regulations and charters in place today, the Republic of Somaliland in the “Horn of Africa” is perhaps the most egregious example of an aspirational nation being denied its proper status because of hypocrisy of the African Union and outside powers in Washington, London, Paris, and Berlin.

The Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) was created in 1986 with the initial purpose of promoting economic cooperation and development in the Horn of Africa and East Africa. The IGAD Secretariat was established in 1996 to provide the organization with a permanent secretariat and to coordinate its activities. The IGAD Secretariat is located in Djibouti. In addition to its initial purpose of promoting economic cooperation and development, IGAD has also played a role in promoting peace and security in the region. IGAD has been involved in mediating several peace agreements.

IGAD should not have only thought of making a brief statement on the Las Anod conflict, but it must have the brain tackling and resolving the burning issue between Somaliland and Somalia, given its deep understanding of Somaliland’s sovereignty.

Guest piece published first on SII

Congratulatory Note from Somaliland SAG on the 63rd Birthday of the Nation

Editor II

June 17, 2023

Somaliland Strategic Advisory Group, (SL-SAG)

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY JUNE 26, WHICH MARKING 63 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE OF REPUBLIC SOMALILAND FROM GREAT BRITAIN

Virginia, USA on this day 18th June,2023 Somaliland Strategic Advisory Group, (SL-SAG) extends its heartfelt congratulations to the remarkable people of Somaliland on the auspicious occasion of Independence Day, June 26, 1960. This day holds immense significance as it marks the momentous occasion when Somaliland gained its full independence from Great Britain and embarked on a journey of self-determination.

As we reflect upon this historic milestone, we recognize the indomitable spirit and unwavering determination of the people of Somaliland, who have striven relentlessly to preserve their identity, culture, and sovereignty over the years. The achievement of independence on June 26, 1960, symbolizes the strength of the Somaliland people and their unwavering commitment to shaping their destiny.

Somaliland has demonstrated its ability to maintain peace, stability, and democratic values, setting an inspiring example for Horn of African and the World. The perseverance of its citizens and their dedication to building a prosperous and harmonious society have been commendable. Somaliland’s democratic governance, institutions, and commitment to the rule of law have been instrumental in fostering a climate of progress and development.

The people of Somaliland have consistently displayed remarkable resilience, particularly in the face of various challenges. Their unity and commitment to nation-building have been crucial in overcoming obstacles and charting a path towards sustainable growth and prosperity. The international community does recognize the outstanding achievements of Somaliland in its pursuit of peace, security, and socioeconomic growth and development

As we celebrate the Independence Day of June 26, 1960, let us honor the sacrifices made by the brave individuals who fought tirelessly for the freedom and independence of Somaliland. Their legacy continues to inspire generations, and their vision of a united and thriving Somaliland lives on.

SL-SAG reaffirms its unwavering support for the aspirations of the people of Somaliland and their pursuit of recognition on the global stage. We stand in solidarity with the people of Somaliland, applauding their achievements and offering our continued support in their journey towards progress and recognition.
On this joyous occasion, we extend our warmest congratulations to the people of Somaliland, both at home and abroad, and convey our heartfelt wishes for a memorable celebration. May the original Independence Day of June 26, 1960, serve as a reminder of the remarkable resilience, unity, and determination that has defined Somaliland, and may the future be filled with peace, prosperity, and continued success.

Somaliland Strategic Group is an Advocacy nonprofit organization based in United States of American founded and funded by natives of Somalilanders-Americans professionals who advocate for Somaliland’s recognition and development.
Somalilandsag@gmail.com
www.slsag.org

Ecosystem in Somaliland among 2023 Cohort of Investor Accelerator

Editor II

June 15, 2023

Dream VC, an investor accelerator dedicated to training the next generation of African investors globally

The Investor Accelerator (IA) program is a comprehensive course for experienced professionals, existing investors, and senior operators who aspire to be future ecosystem builders in Africa

This year’s cohort brings together the cream of the crop in some of their respective fields, culminating in a powerhouse community of active angels, successful founders with multiple exits, and operators from top African startups across the continent.

With a program acceptance rate of 12%, the application process to join the ranks of this community continue to be highly competitive and discerning.

Here are some quick stats about this year’s Investor Accelerator cohort:

The cohort size doubled this year to accommodate 54 fellows from 22 nationalities globally
This is the first cohort ever to have a bigger East African majority rather than West African, with Kenyans dominating a strong 15% of the cohort
Around 43% of the cohort self-identify as female and continue a strong representation of women within the program
Several fellows are hailing from ecosystems that are being represented in Dream VC for the first time, such as Botswana, Algeria, Somaliland, and Burundi

Bilow Capital

Hana is the Co-founder and partner of Bilow Capital, an innovative investment company that applies an integrated investment strategy with both enterprise and venture capital under one company.

Bilow Capital was founded in 2022. It provides early stage start-ups with the capital they need to scale up their businesses, the skills and the knowlegde they need to grow and succeed, and expert consultation, to help guide start-ups to achieve their full potential.

She and the other partners have pioneered Bilow Capital from the idea stage to the present, for the past two and half years, and will fully launch this year.

Bilow Capital is a first of its kind in the region and aims to contribute to the construction of the ecosystem by creating investment opportunities for investors that were previously inaccessible, as well as investing in market-creating innovations in the region and beyond.

Hana is a young, black, African, Muslim mother of four, who is extremely passionate about the African ecosystem and how to generate sustainable businesses, that create impactful returns.

She continues to learn more about impact investing and the African ecosystem. She’s also dedicated to getting involved in community initiatives through her local NGO, Somaliland Prosperity Organization.

Guest article first published on SII

Is Current Education System & Institutions for Learning Catering to Priorities in Somaliland?

Editor II

June 14, 2023

It is frequently argued that educational institutions in Africa do not prioritize local development needs. There are numerous contributing factors to this complicated issue.

One factor is the colonial legacy. Many African countries were colonized by European powers, and the education systems that were established during this time were designed to serve the needs of the colonial rulers, not the local population. As a result, many educational institutions in Africa continue to emphasize the study of conventional disciplines like math, science, and English even though they are sometimes irrelevant to the requirements of local employment opportunity needs.

Poverty is another one. Education suffers as a result of poverty, which affects many African nations. Teachers, textbooks, and facilities are frequently lacking in these nations’ educational institutions. It is difficult to provide students with a relevant, high-quality education as a result of this.

Finally, political will is another factor that is responsible for this trend. There is a lack of political will to change the educational system in many African nations. Governments frequently place a higher priority on other issues like national security or economic growth. They are unwilling to provide the required funds to overhauling the educational system as a result.

The dilemma of African education institutions not catering for local development priorities is a major challenge facing the continent. It is a challenge that will need to be addressed if Africa is to achieve its development goals.

The question posed by the piece’s title stems from a recent article in The Standard, a Kenyan newspaper, about the construction boom in Somaliland and how Kenyan architects are essential and play a significant role in it. The article was written by a journalist from that newspaper who came Hargeisa and first handedly observed that reality.

It is a mind boggling to know the number of Kenyan expatriates employed in Somaliland

In addition to Kenyan nationals, a significant number of expatriates from other countries like Pakistan, India, and others are employed in Somaliland. The majority of these individuals work in the fields of education, healthcare, and development. Most of these expatriates work for international organizations, and many of them are hired to do simple tasks that could be done by locals. International organizations are criticized by many in the country for their hiring practices, claiming that they discriminate against local workers and increase unemployment.

It is not unusual but rather a common practice to provide the classroom instructions in your own native language, in this case Somali language, from the primary all the way to tertiary education. In most countries in the world and in our region as well, education instructed in local languages are prioritized and preferred over the one conducted in any other foreign language. Many countries in the developed and developing world, whose people are mostly educated and involved in their countries’ development, have done so mainly due to the fact of receiving education in their native languages such as Japan, China, Russia, South Korea, India and many more.

All of the higher education institutions that exist currently in Somaliland and operate in the country instruct classes in English only, while the pipeline – the primary and secondary schools – feeding them are taught in Somali.

There is no higher education institution where Somali is the primary language of instruction.

Taiwan, a highly developed country with an estimated population of 23 million, has a very low English proficiency rate, and most of those who speak English live in the capital Taipei. Most people receive their education in their mother language, both in schools and in universities, and there are 160 universities in the country, according to their representative in Somaliland. The government now introduced a project “Bilingual by 2030” aiming to raise the English proficiency in the country

Somaliland will become a nation dependent on foreign skilled workforce if the education system does not change and continues on this path.

Standard’s piece said:

“Kenyan Builders Thriving in the Construction Boom of Somaliland

Kenyan builders have flooded the Horn of Africa region of Somaliland, lending service to its booming construction industry

The construction sector in the self-declared independent territory is expanding rapidly with new residential units in the latest housing style shooting up, especially in the suburbs of Hargeisa, the capital and largest town.

A quick survey in the area shows many of the builders are Kenyans, from those in charge of the site to the artisan ones. The builders say working in Hargeisa is good, with decent salaries and even accommodation. According to one of the construction workers there, he gets the equivalent of Sh. 65,000 at the end of the month with accommodation catered for, hence he has enough money to send to his family back home.

One of the big companies involved in the construction of houses is Kaabsan Real Estate, a property firm that provides luxurious homes and commercial real estate in Hargeisa. The company has two projects involving 134 townhouses – Rugsan Gardens and Aragsan Villages.

The Standard visited Rugsan Gardens, which houses 68 townhouses that are now completed and sold out. This shows the high demand for housing in Hargeisa due to its fairly urban space. The houses are at a gated community near the Hargeisa Egal International Airport

Somaliland is a semi-desert area on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden.
Various environmental factors have contributed to the modern buildings in the country. According to Robert Ndalo, a Kenyan architect working with Kaabsan Real Estate, the construction industry varies between Kenya and Somaliland. “Construction between Kenya and Somaliland is different, the soil context is different because this is a desert area and what they are using is a different typology of foundation, setting, and materials are different,” he said.

He added that the walling system in Somaliland is different. “In their walling system, they are using hollow blocks which they clad to have 300mm wall thickness so that the interior of the house is cool.”
Many of the Kenyans working in the construction industry in Hargeisa say the peace in Somaliland has given them hope to work in the country.

Somaliland is an unrecognized sovereign state on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden, with an area of 176,120 square kilometers. It neighbors Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east. As at 2021, its population was approximately 5.7 million residents.
After the collapse of the Somali central government in 1990 and the unilateral declaration of independence of the Republic of Somaliland, infrastructural reconstruction subsequently began in Hargeisa and other towns in the country.

Hargeisa has since then gone through a large-scale facelift. The renovations have been largely financed by local entrepreneurs, as well as Somali in diaspora sending funds to relatives in the region through some of the various Somali-owned money transfer operators. Many of the older buildings have been replaced by modern, multi-storied residential and commercial dwellings

Guest piece first published on SII here

US Blessing UN’s Scare-quotes to Delegitimize Somaliland

Editor II

June 13, 2023

When Joe Biden took office, many victims of genocide hoped US interest would triumph over indifference. Upon his nomination to be secretary of state, longtime Biden aide Tony Blinken made a great deal of his

stepfather’s survival of the Holocaust. Biden himself promised to right the historical wrong and recognize the reality of the Armenian Genocide.

Many human rights advocates also cheered Biden’s choice of Samantha Power to lead the US Agency for International Development, a cabinet-level post in the Biden administration.

The Uyghur Genocide is the most industrial and wide-scale genocide since the Holocaust. John Kerry, a former secretary of State whom Biden brought into the White House as “climate czar,” urged Biden to downplay Beijing’s incarceration and slaughter of the Uyghurs in order to better win Chinese cooperation on climate talks

Now, Biden and Blinken have taken casual disdain for victims of genocide to a new level. Toward the tail end of his rule Siad Barre, Somalia’s Cold War-era dictator, sought to eradicate the Isaaq clan, one of the five major clans of Somalia. First the discrimination and then the attempted genocide of the population of the Somaliland region of Somalia was the major reason why Somaliland in 1991 re-asserted the independence it had briefly enjoyed prior to its union with Italian Somaliland.

For the past six months, fighting has occurred in the Sool region of Somaliland. It is not organic. Rather, it is part proxy war between China and Taiwan, part effort by Siad Barre’s Darood clan to reassert supremacy, and part attempt by al-Shabaab and Somali irredentists to attack the only regional democracy.

Blinken has sided with China, Russia, and Al-Shabaab against Somaliland due to the State Department’s embrace of a “One Somalia” policy. Put aside the fact that such a policy is a unicorn. It is imaginary. It appears nowhere in print and seems instead to be false conventional wisdom passed down through recent generations of Africa hands.

Perhaps this is why, in a recent UN Security Council press release, the US acquiesced to Russia and China and put “Somaliland” in quotes to report that the Security Council “condemned the violent clashes between ‘Somaliland’ security forces and clan militia.” Not only does such a statement draw moral equivalence between perpetrator and victim, but it also suggests that residents of Somaliland who have rebuilt from the ashes of attempted genocide are somehow illegitimate. No other geographic entity appears to get that treatment.

Put another way, would Biden and Blinken write about Europe’s “Jews,” Rwanda’s “Tutsis,” China’s “Uyghurs,” or Nagorno-Karabakh’s “Armenians?” If they did, observers would recognize it as questioning the legitimacy of those groups as a people.

While this is not the first time the UN has used scare-quotes to delegitimize Somaliland—Power signed off on the calumny when she was UN ambassador—the context of doing so as calls for Somaliland’s eradication escalate should raise serious questions about the morality and judgment of both Biden and Blinken.

Learn more: On Somaliland, the African Union and UN Betrays Their Own Precedents| To Understand Somaliland Conflict, Think Ukraine | Cut Somalia Off from US Aid | Is Blinken Repeating Biden’s Iraq Mistake in Africa?

Michael Rubin is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where he specializes in Iran, Turkey, and the broader Middle East.

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Investigative Reports

Background: Shifting Policies Exacerbating Ongoing Conflict

The Impact of “Single Somalia” Policy on a Previously Stable Region

Towards a Coherent Policy with the World, Africa and the U.S. itself

Conclusion and Recommendations

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The Spirit of Patriotism in Somaliland Youth

Promoting National Identity and Pride in Our Achievements

Defending Somaliland Against Internal and External Threats

Upholding National Interest Through Activism & Social Media

Answering the Call: How Youth Can Support the Government and Nation

Conclusion

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